Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqinisa i-casting, kukho iindawo ezintathu ngokubanzi kwicandelo layo elinqamlekileyo, eliyindawo eqinileyo, indawo yokuqina, kunye nendawo yolwelo.
Ummandla wokuqina yindawo apho "indawo eqinileyo kunye neyolwelo ihlangana" phakathi kwendawo yolwelo kunye nendawo eqinileyo. Ububanzi bayo bubizwa ngokuba ngububanzi bezowuni yokuqina. Ububanzi bommandla wokuqina bunempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho wokuphosa. Indlela yokuqinisa yokuphosa isekelwe kububanzi bommandla wokuqina obonakaliswe kwicandelo elinqamlezayo lokuphosa, kwaye yahlulwe ngokwemaleko-ngomaleko ukuqiniswa, ukuqinisa ukuqina, kunye nokuqiniswa okuphakathi.
Makhe sijonge kwiimpawu zeendlela zokuqiniswa ezifana ne-layer-by-layer solidification kunye nokuncamathelisa ukuqina.
Umaleko-ngomaleko ukuqina: Xa ububanzi bendawo yokuqina bumxinwa kakhulu, bubobume bendlela yokuqina. Umphambili wayo wokuqina unxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo nentsimbi engamanzi. Iintsimbi ezizezowuni yokuqina emxinwa ziquka iintsimbi ezisulungekileyo (ubhedu lwemizi-mveliso, i-zinc yeshishini, itoti yoshishino), iialloyi ze-eutectic (i-aluminium-silicon alloys, ialloys ezikufutshane ne-eutectic ezifana ne-grey cast iron), kunye nealloys ezinoluhlu olumxinwa lwecrystallization (ezifana ne intsimbi yekhabhoni ephantsi). , ubhedu lwe-aluminium, ubhedu olunoluhlu oluncinci lwe-crystallization). Ezi meko zentsimbi zingentla zonke zezendlela yokuqinisa umaleko-ngamaleko.
Xa ulwelo luqina kwimo eqinileyo kwaye lucutheka kumthamo, lunokuzaliswa ngokuqhubekayo lulwelo, kwaye utyekelo lokuvelisa ukushwabana okuhlakazekileyo kuncinci, kodwa imingxuma yokuncipha egxininisiweyo ishiywe kwindawo yokugqibela eqinileyo yokuphosa. Imingxuma egxininisiweyo yokunciphisa kulula ukuphelisa, ngoko ke iipropati ze-shrinkage zilungile. Ukuqhekeka kwe-Intergranular okubangelwa ukushwabana okuthintelweyo kuzaliswa ngokulula ngesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo ukuphilisa iintanda, ngoko ke ukujulwa akunamkhwa omncinci wokuqhekeka okushushu. Kwakhona inekhono lokuzalisa elingcono xa ukuqina kwenzeka ngexesha lokuzaliswa.
Yintoni icoagulation yencama: Xa indawo yokudibanisa ibanzi kakhulu, yeyendlela yokudibanisa intlama. Iintsimbi ezikwindawo ebanzi yokuqina zibandakanya iialloyi ze-aluminium, iialloyi ze-magnesium (ialloyi ze-aluminium-zobhedu, iialloyi ze-aluminium-magnesium, iialloyi ze-magnesium), iialloyi zobhedu (ubhedu lwetin, ubhedu lwe-aluminium, ubhedu olunoluhlu olubanzi lobushushu bekristale), iialloyi ze-iron-carbon. (i-carbon steel ephezulu, i-ductile iron).
Ububanzi bendawo yokuqinisa isinyithi, kunzima ngakumbi ukuba amaqamza kunye nokufakwa kwisinyithi esityhidiweyo ukudada nokususa ngexesha lokuphosa, kwaye kunzima ukuzondla. Iicastings ziqhelene nokuqhekeka okushushu. Xa iintanda zisenzeka phakathi kweekristale, azinakuzaliswa ngentsimbi engamanzi ukuziphilisa. Xa olu hlobo lwe-alloy luqina ngexesha lenkqubo yokuzaliswa, ukukwazi ukuzaliswa kwayo kubi.
Yintoni ukuqina okuphakathi: Ukuqina phakathi kwendawo yokuqina emxinwa kunye nendawo yokuqina ebanzi ibizwa ngokuba ngummandla ophakathi wokuqina. Iialloyi zezowuni yokuqinisa ephakathi ziquka intsimbi yekhabhoni, intsimbi ephezulu yemanganese, ubhedu olukhethekileyo kunye nentsimbi emhlophe. Iimpawu zayo zokutya, ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kwe-thermal kunye nekhono lokuzalisa i-mold liphakathi kwe-layer-by-layer yokuqinisa kunye neendlela zokuqinisa ukudibanisa. Ulawulo lokuqiniswa kolu hlobo lokuphosa ubukhulu becala kukulungelelanisa iiparamitha zenkqubo, ukuseka iqondo lobushushu elilungileyo kwicandelo lomnqamlezo wokuphosa, ukunciphisa indawo yokuqina kwicandelo lomnqamlezo wokuphosa, kunye nokutshintsha imo yokuqina ukusuka ekuqinisweni kwepasty ukuya kumaleko. -by- umaleko ukuqina ukufumana castings abafanelekileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-17-2024
