Ngokudibanisa inani elithile lezinto ezithile zokudibanisa ukuphosa isinyithi, i-alloy cast iron kunye ne-corrosion resistance resistance kwezinye imidiya inokufumaneka. I-silicon ephezulu yokuphosa isinyithi yenye yezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Uluhlu lwee-ayini ze-alloy cast eziqulethe i-10% ukuya kwi-16% ye-silicon zibizwa ngokuba yi-iron silicon cast ephezulu. Ngaphandle kweentlobo ezimbalwa eziqulethe i-10% ukuya kwi-12% ye-silicon, umxholo we-silicon ngokubanzi usuka kwi-14% ukuya kwi-16%. Xa umxholo we-silicon ungaphantsi kwe-14.5%, iimpawu zomatshini zingaphuculwa, kodwa ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion kuyancipha kakhulu. Ukuba umxholo we-silicon ufikelela ngaphezu kwe-18%, nangona i-corrosion-resistant, i-alloy iba yi-brittle kakhulu kwaye ayifanelekanga ukuphosa. Ke ngoko, eyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini yintsimbi ephezulu ye-silicon equlethwe yi-14.5% ukuya kwi-15% yesilicon. [1]
Amagama orhwebo angaphandle entsimbi ephezulu ye-silicon yi-Duriron kunye ne-Durichlor (equlethe i-molybdenum), kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali njengoko kuboniswe kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
| imodeli | Amalungu aphambili ekhemikhali, % | ||||||
| isilicon | molybdenum | ichromium | manganese | isulfure | phosphorus | intsimbi | |
| I-silicon ephezulu yokuphosa intsimbi | 〉14.25 | - | - | 0.50 ~ 0.56 | 〈0.05 | 〈0.1 | Hlala |
| I-Molybdenum equlethe i-silicon ephezulu yentsimbi | 〉14.25 | 〉3 | 少量 | 0.65 | 〈0.05 | 〈0.1 | Hlala |
Ukumelana nokubola
Isizathu sokuba kutheni i-high-silicon cast iron kunye nomxholo we-silicon ngaphezu kwe-14% inokumelana nokubola okulungileyo kukuba i-silicon yenza ifilimu ekhuselayo eyenziwe yi-Not corrosion resistant.
Ngokubanzi, i-silicon ephezulu yokuphoswa kwentsimbi inokumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo kwimidiya ye-oxidizing kunye neeasidi ezithile zokunciphisa. Iyakwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo kunye noxinzelelo lwe-nitric acid, i-asidi ye-sulfuric, i-acetic acid, i-hydrochloric acid kubushushu obuqhelekileyo, i-fatty acids kunye neminye imithombo yeendaba ezininzi. umhlwa. Ayinakumelana ne-corrosion ngamajelo afana ne-high-temperature hydrochloric acid, i-sulfurous acid, i-hydrofluoric acid, i-halogen, isisombululo se-alkali e-caustic kunye ne-alkali etyhidiweyo. Isizathu sokunqongophala kokumelana ne-corrosion kukuba ifilimu ekhuselayo ebusweni iyancibilika phantsi kwesenzo se-alkali ye-caustic, kwaye ibe yigesi phantsi kwesenzo se-hydrofluoric acid, eyonakalisa ifilimu ekhuselayo.
Iimpawu zoomatshini
Intsimbi ye-silicon ephezulu ilukhuni kwaye i-brittle kunye neempawu ezimbi zoomatshini. Kufuneka igweme ukuthwala impembelelo kwaye ayinakusetyenziswa ukwenza iinqanawa zoxinzelelo. Ukusaswa ngokubanzi akunakwenziwa ngoomatshini ngaphandle kokusila.
Ukusebenza komatshini
Ukongeza izinto ezidibeneyo kwintsimbi ephezulu ye-silicon inokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo ngomatshini. Ukongeza umhlaba onqabileyo we-magnesium alloy kwi-high-silicon cast iron equlethe i-15% ye-silicon inokucoca kunye ne-degas, iphucule i-matrix ye-iron cast, kunye ne-spheroidize i-graphite, ngaloo ndlela iphucula amandla, ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokusebenza kokusebenza kwentsimbi; Ukwenziwa komsebenzi kukwaphuculwe. Ukongeza kokusila, le ntsimbi ye-silicon ephezulu inokuphinda ijikwe, icofe, igrunjwe kwaye ilungiswe phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Nangona kunjalo, ayikakulungeli ukupholisa ngesiquphe kunye nokufudumeza ngesiquphe; ukumelana kwayo nomhlwa kubhetele kunoko kwentsimbi eqhelekileyo ene-silicon ephezulu. , imidiya elungelelanisiweyo iyafana.
Ukongeza i-6.5% ukuya kwi-8.5% yobhedu kwintsimbi ephezulu ye-silicon ephoswe nge-13.5% ukuya kwi-15% ye-silicon inokuphucula ukusebenza komatshini. Ukumelana nomhlwa kuyafana naleyo ye-silicon ephezulu ephoswe ngentsimbi, kodwa imbi kakhulu kwi-nitric acid. Lo mbandela ufanelekile ukwenza i-pump impellers kunye nemikhono echasene ne-corrosion enamandla kunye nokugqoka. Ukusebenza komatshini kunokuphuculwa ngokunciphisa umxholo we-silicon kunye nokongeza izinto ze-alloying. Ukongeza i-chromium, ubhedu kunye nezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kwi-silicon cast iron equlethe i-10% ukuya kwi-12% ye-silicon (ebizwa ngokuba yi-ferrosilicon ephakathi) inokuphucula i-brittleness kunye nokuqhubekeka kwayo. Inokuguqulwa, igrunjwe, icofe, njl.njl., kwaye kumajelo amaninzi eendaba, ukuxhathisa kokubola kusekufutshane naleyo yentsimbi ephezulu ye-silicon.
Kwi-medium-silicon cast iron kunye nomxholo we-silicon we-10% ukuya kwi-11%, kunye ne-1% ukuya kwi-2.5% ye-molybdenum, i-1.8% ukuya kwi-2.0% yobhedu kunye ne-0.35% yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, ukusebenza komatshini kuphuculwe, kwaye kunokuguqulwa kwaye ukumelana. Ukumelana nomhlwa kuyafana nokwentsimbi ephezulu ye-silicon. Ukuziqhelanisa kuye kwabonisa ukuba olu hlobo lwentsimbi lusetyenziswa njenge-impeller ye-dilute nitric acid pump kwimveliso ye-nitric acid kunye ne-impeller ye-sulfuric acid circulation pump ye-chlorine yokomisa, kwaye umphumo ulungile kakhulu.
Ezi ntsimbi zikhankanywe ngasentla ze-silicon zinokumelana okungahambi kakuhle kwi-hydrochloric acid corrosion. Ngokuqhelekileyo, banokuxhathisa kuphela i-corrosion kwi-low-concentration ye-hydrochloric acid kwiqondo lokushisa. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion ye-silicon ephezulu ephosa isinyithi kwi-hydrochloric acid (ingakumbi i-hydrochloric acid eshushu), umxholo we-molybdenum unokunyuswa. Umzekelo, ukongeza i-3% ukuya kwi-4% ye-molybdenum kwintsimbi ephezulu ye-silicon ephoswe ngumxholo we-silicon ye-14% ukuya kwi-16% inokufumana i-Molybdenum-equlethe i-silicon ephezulu ephoswe ngentsimbi iya kwenza ifilimu ekhuselayo ye-molybdenum oxychloride kumphezulu wokuphosa phantsi kwentsimbi. isenzo se-hydrochloric acid. Ayinyibiliki kwi-hydrochloric acid, ngaloo ndlela ikhulisa kakhulu amandla ayo okumelana ne-hydrochloric acid corrosion kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Ukuxhathisa umhlwa kuhlala kungatshintshi kwamanye amajelo eendaba. Le ntsimbi ye-silicon ephezulu ikwabizwa ngokuba yintsimbi enganyangekiyo ngeklorini. [1]
I-silicon ephezulu yokuphoswa kwentsimbi
I-silicon ephezulu yentsimbi ineenzuzo zobunzima obuphezulu (HRC = 45) kunye nokuchasana nokugqwala okulungileyo. Isetyenzisiwe njengesixhobo sokwenza izibini zokukhuhlana komatshini kwimveliso yeekhemikhali. Ekubeni i-iron cast iqulethe i-silicon ye-14-16%, ilukhuni kwaye i-brittle, kukho ubunzima obuthile bokuvelisa. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuziqhelanisa okuqhubekayo, kuye kwangqinwa ukuba intsimbi ephezulu ye-silicon isenokwenziwa ngoomatshini phantsi kweemeko ezithile.
I-silicon ephezulu yokuphosa intsimbi icutshungulwa kwi-lathe, isantya sokujikeleza silawulwa kwi-70 ~ 80 rpm, kwaye ukutya kwesixhobo yi-0.01 mm. Phambi kokujika okurhabaxa, imiphetho yokuphosa kufuneka icolwe. Esona sixa sesondlo esiphezulu sokujika rhabaxa sikholisa ukuba yi-1.5 ukuya kwi-2 mm yesixhobo sokusebenza.
Isixhobo sokuguqula isixhobo sentloko yiYG3, kwaye isixhobo sesixhobo sisixhobo sentsimbi.
Isalathiso sokusika sibuyela umva. Ngenxa yokuba i-high-silicon cast iron i-brittle kakhulu, ukusika kwenziwa ukusuka ngaphandle ukuya ngaphakathi ngokwezinto eziqhelekileyo. Ekugqibeleni, iikona ziya kutyunjwa kwaye imiphetho iya kutyunjwa, ibangele ukuba i-workpiece ikhutshwe. Ngokwendlela yokuziqhelisa, ukusika umva kunokusetyenziselwa ukunqanda ukukrolwa nokuqhekeka, kwaye inani lokugqibela lokusika imela elikhanyayo kufuneka libe lincinci.
Ngenxa yobunzima obuphezulu be-high-silicon cast iron, eyona nto iphambili yokusika izixhobo zokuguqula ihluke kwizixhobo eziqhelekileyo zokuguqula, njengoko kuboniswe kumfanekiso osekunene. Iindidi ezintathu zezixhobo ezijikayo emfanekisweni zineengile ezingezizo. Umgca wokusika oyintloko kunye nomgca wesibini wokusika isixhobo sokuguqula unama-angles ahlukeneyo ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Umfanekiso a ubonisa isixhobo sokujika setyhula sangaphakathi nangaphandle, i-angle yokuphambuka ephambili A=10 °, kunye ne-angle yokuphambuka yesibini B = 30 °. Umfanekiso b ubonisa isixhobo sokuguqula isiphelo, i-engile yokwehla engundoqo A=39°, kunye ne-engile yokuhla yesibini B=6°. Umzobo C ubonisa isixhobo sokuguqula i-bevel, i-angle enkulu yokuphambuka = 6 °.
Imingxuma yokugrumba kwi-high-silicon cast cast iron ilungiswa kumatshini odikayo. Isantya sokujikeleza si-25 ukuya kwi-30 rpm kwaye isixa sokutya ngu-0.09 ukuya ku-0.13 mm. Ukuba i-diameter yokugrumba yi-18 ukuya kwi-20 mm, sebenzisa isixhobo sentsimbi enobunzima obuphezulu ukugaya i-spiral groove. (I-groove mayingabi nzulu kakhulu). Iqhekeza le-YG3 carbide lifakwe kwi-drill bit head kunye nomhlaba ukuya kwi-engile elungele ukugrumba izinto eziqhelekileyo, ngoko ke ukubhola kunokwenziwa ngokuthe ngqo. Ngokomzekelo, xa ubhobhoza umngxuma omkhulu kune-20 mm, unokuqala ukubhoboza imingxuma eyi-18 ukuya kwe-20, uze wenze i-drill bit ngokobungakanani obufunekayo. Intloko ye-drill bit ifakwe kunye neengcezu ezimbini ze-carbide (i-YG3 impahla isetyenzisiweyo), kwaye emva koko iphantsi kwi-semicircle. Yandisa umngxuma okanye uwujike ngesabha.
isicelo
Ngenxa yokumelana ne-asidi ephezulu ye-corrosion, intsimbi ephezulu ye-silicon isetyenziselwe ukukhuselwa kwikhemikhali. Elona bakala liqhelekileyo yi-STSil5, esetyenziswa ikakhulu ukwenza iimpompo ze-centrifugal ezinganyangekiyo kwi-asidi, imibhobho, iinqaba, izinto zokutshintsha ubushushu, izikhongozeli, iivalvu kunye namaqhagi, njl.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-high-silicon cast iron iron is brittle, ngoko ke kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo enkulu ngexesha lofakelo, ukugcinwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa. Musa ukubetha ngehamile ngexesha lofakelo; indibano kufuneka ichanekile ukunqanda ukuxinana koxinzelelo lwendawo; utshintsho olubi kakhulu kumahluko weqondo lokushisa okanye ukufudumeza kwendawo akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ngexesha lokusebenza, ngakumbi xa uqala, ukuyeka okanye ukucoca, ukufudumeza kunye nesantya sokupholisa kufuneka sicothe; ayifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa njengezixhobo zoxinzelelo.
Inokwenziwa kwiimpompo ezahlukeneyo ze-centrifugal ezinganyangekiyo, iimpompo ze-Nessler vacuum, ii-cocks, iivalvu, imibhobho emilo ekhethekileyo kunye nokudityaniswa kwemibhobho, imibhobho, iingalo ze-venturi, izahluli zenkanyamba, iinqaba zokuxinana kunye neenqaba zokujija, iziko loxinzelelo kunye noomatshini bokuhlamba kwangaphambili, njl. Kwimveliso ye-nitric acid egxininisiweyo, iqondo lokushisa le-nitric acid liphezulu njenge-115 ukuya kwi-170 ° C xa lisetyenziswe njengekholamu yokuhlubula. Ipompo ye-nitric acid egxininisiweyo ye-centrifugal iphatha iasidi ye-nitric ngokuxinanisa ukuya kuma-98%. Isetyenziselwa ukutshintshiselana kobushushu kunye nenqaba epakishweyo yeasidi exutyiweyo ye-asidi yesulfuric kunye ne-nitric acid, kwaye ikwimeko entle. Iziko zokufudumeza zepetroli kwimveliso yokusulungekisa, iinqaba ze-acetic anhydride distillation kunye ne-benzene distillation towers ze-triacetate cellulose imveliso, iimpompo zeasidi zokuvelisa i-acetic acid yeglacial kunye nokuveliswa kwe-asidi yesulfuric, kunye neepompo ezahlukeneyo ze-asidi okanye isisombululo setyuwa kunye namaqhagi, njl. zonke zisetyenziswa kwizicelo eziphezulu. I-Silicon cast iron.
I-silicon ephezulu yentsimbi yobhedu (i-GT alloy) iyamelana ne-alkali kunye ne-sulfuric acid corrosion, kodwa kungekhona kwi-nitric acid corrosion. Inokumelana ne-alkali engcono kune-aluminiyam yentsimbi kunye nokumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu. Ingasetyenziswa kwiimpompo, ii-impellers kunye ne-bushings ezonakalisa kakhulu kwaye zixhomekeke ekunxibeni okudaka.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-30-2024
