Ukusetyenzwa kwentsimbi yinkqubo apho ulwelo lwesinyithi olunyibilikisiweyo oluhlangabezana neemfuno lugalelwa kwisingundo esithile sokugalela, kwaye imilo efunekayo, ubungakanani, kunye nokusebenza kufunyanwa emva kokupholisa kunye nokuqiniswa. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-aerospace, imoto, ukwenza izixhobo zoomatshini kunye namanye amashishini ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezintle ezifana nokubumba okulula, ixabiso eliphantsi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwexesha elincinci.
Itekhnoloji yokuphosa kwilizwe lethu ayilona itekhnoloji entsha, kodwa lilifa lenkcubeko elinembali ende. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yangoku yokuphosa yemveli ayikwazanga ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zangoku zokuphosa iimveliso ngokomgangatho woyilo kunye neengcamango zoyilo. Ke ngoko, ukwenza njani itekhnoloji entsha yenkqubo yokuphosa kufuna ingxoxo enzulu kunye nophando. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokusetyenzwa kunye nokwenziwa, ukuchaneka kwenkqubo yokuphosa imbi, kwaye iimpawu zesakhiwo azilunganga njengokubunjwa. Ke ngoko, indlela yokuphucula ukuchaneka kwee-castings kunye nokwandisa iipropathi zabo zesakhiwo ikwafanele ukuhoywa kunye nophando.
Izinto zokubumba zinokuba yintlabathi, isinyithi okanye i-ceramic. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno, iindlela ezisetyenziswayo ziya kwahluka. Zeziphi iimpawu zenkqubo nganye yokuphosa? Ziziphi iimveliso ezifanelekileyo kuyo?
1. Ukugalelwa kwesanti
Izinto zokuphosa: izinto ezahlukeneyo
Umgangatho wokuphosa: amashumi eegram - amashumi eetoni ukuya kumakhulu eetoni
Umgangatho wokusahlela: umbi
Isakhiwo sokuphosa: ilula
Iindleko zokuvelisa: ziphantsi
Ububanzi besicelo: Ezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo zokuphosa. Ukubunjwa kwezandla kulungele iziqwenga ezingatshatanga, iibhetshi ezincinci kunye neengqungquthela ezinkulu ezinemilo enzima enzima ukusebenzisa umatshini wokubumba. Imodeli yomatshini ifanelekile kwii-castings eziphakathi kunye ezincinci eziveliswe kwiibhetshi.
Iimpawu zenkqubo: Imodeli ye-Manual: iguquguqukayo kwaye ilula, kodwa inemveliso ephantsi yokuvelisa, ubuninzi bomsebenzi ophezulu, kunye nokuchaneka okuphantsi komgangatho kunye nomgangatho ophezulu. Imodeli yomatshini: ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nomgangatho womphezulu, kodwa utyalo-mali oluphezulu.
Ukuphosa isanti yeyona nkqubo ixhaphakileyo isetyenziswa kushishino lweFoundry namhlanje. Ifanelekile kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. I-alloys ene-ferrous kunye ne-non-ferrous alloys inokuphoswa kunye nokubunjwa kwesanti. Iyakwazi ukuvelisa i-castings ukusuka kumashumi eegram ukuya kwishumi leetoni nangaphezulu. Ukungalungi kokuphosa isanti kukuba inokuvelisa kuphela i-castings enezakhiwo ezilula. Inzuzo enkulu yokuphosa isanti kukuba: ixabiso eliphantsi lokuvelisa. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nokugqitywa komphezulu, i-metallography yokuphosa, kunye nokuxinana kwangaphakathi, kuphantsi kakhulu. Ngokubhekiselele kwimodeli, inokuthi yenziwe ngesandla okanye ifakwe kumatshini. Ukubunjwa kwezandla kulungele iziqwenga ezingatshatanga, iibhetshi ezincinci kunye neengqungquthela ezinkulu ezinemilo enzima enzima ukusebenzisa umatshini wokubumba. Imodeli yomatshini inokuphucula kakhulu ukuchaneka komphezulu kunye nokuchaneka komda, kodwa utyalo-mali lukhulu.
2. Utyalo mali
Izinto zokuphosa: intsimbi etyhidiweyo kunye ne-non-ferrous alloy
Umgangatho wokuphola: iigram ezininzi---iikhilogram ezininzi
Umgangatho wokuphosa umphezulu: ulunge kakhulu
Ubume bokuphosa: nakuphi na ukuntsokotha
Iindleko zemveliso: Kwimveliso yobuninzi, iyabiza kunemveliso yomatshini ngokupheleleyo.
Umda wesicelo: Iibhetshi ezahlukeneyo ezincinci kunye nezintsonkothileyo zokuphoswa kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo kunye neendawo eziphezulu zokunyibilika, ezilungele ngakumbi imisebenzi yobugcisa kunye namalungu omatshini achanekileyo.
Iimpawu zenkqubo: ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional, umphezulu ogudileyo, kodwa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
Inkqubo yotyalo-mali yaqala ngaphambili. Kwilizwe lam, inkqubo yotyalo-mali isetyenziswe ekuveliseni ubucwebe kwizikhulu ngexesha leNtwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ukuboniswa kotyalo-mali ngokuqhelekileyo kuntsonkothile kwaye akufanelanga ukuboniswa okukhulu. Le nkqubo intsonkothile yaye kunzima ukuyilawula, yaye izinto ezisetyenziswayo nezisetyenziswayo zibiza imali eninzi kakhulu. Ke ngoko, ifanelekile ukuveliswa kwamacandelo amancinci aneemilo ezintsonkothileyo, iimfuno ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo, okanye kunzima ukwenza enye inkqubo, efana neenjini ze-injini ye-injini.
3. Ukuphosa amagwebu okulahlekileyo
Izinto zokuphosa: izinto ezahlukeneyo
Ubunzima bokuphosa: iigram ezininzi ukuya kwiitoni ezininzi
Umgangatho wokusabeka: kulungile
Ubume bokuphosa: intsonkothe ngakumbi
Iindleko zokuvelisa: ngaphantsi
Ubungakanani besicelo: intsonkothe ngakumbi kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zealloy casts kwiibhetshi ezahlukeneyo.
Iimpawu zenkqubo: Ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional of castings kuphezulu, inkululeko yoyilo lokuphosa inkulu, kwaye inkqubo ilula, kodwa ukutshiswa kwepateni kunempembelelo ethile yokusingqongileyo.
Ukuphoswa kwegwebu elilahlekileyo kukudibanisa kunye nokudibanisa iparafini okanye imodeli yogwebu efanayo ngobungakanani kunye nokumila kokusatywayo kwimodeli yeqela. Emva kokuxubha ngepeyinti ye-refractory kunye nokomisa, zingcwatywa kwisanti eyomileyo ye-quartz kwaye zixutywe ukuze zibumbe, kwaye zigalelwe phantsi koxinzelelo olubi lokukhupha imodeli. , indlela entsha yokuphosa apho isinyithi solwelo sithatha indawo yemodeli kwaye siqina kwaye sipholile ukwenza i-casting. Ukuphosa amagwebu okulahlekileyo yinkqubo entsha phantse engenamda kunye nokubumba okuchanekileyo. Le nkqubo ayifuni ukuthatha isikhunta, akukho ndawo yokwahlula, kwaye akukho ngundoqo wesanti. Ke ngoko, ukuphosa akukho flash, i-burrs kunye nedrafti yedrafti, kwaye inciphisa iindleko ze-mold cores. Iimpazamo ezibangelwa kukudityaniswa.
Ezi ndlela zingentla zilishumi elinanye zineempawu zenkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Kwimveliso yokuphosa, iindlela zokuphosa ezihambelanayo kufuneka zikhethwe kwii-castings ezahlukeneyo. Enyanisweni, kunzima ukuthetha ukuba inkqubo yokuphosa enzima-ukukhula ineenzuzo ezipheleleyo. Kwimveliso, wonke umntu ukhetha inkqubo esebenzayo kunye nendlela yenkqubo kunye nokusebenza kweendleko eziphantsi.
4. Ukuphosa kwi-Centrifugal
Izinto zokugalela: intsimbi engwevu, intsimbi edityanisiweyo
Umgangatho wokuphosa: amashumi eekhilogram ukuya kwiitoni ezininzi
Umgangatho wokusabeka: kulungile
Isakhiwo sokuphosa: ii-cylindrical castings ngokubanzi
Iindleko zokuvelisa: ngaphantsi
Ububanzi besicelo: iibhetshi ezincinci ukuya kwezinkulu ezijikelezayo zomzimba kunye nokufakelwa kwemibhobho yobubanzi obahlukeneyo.
Iimpawu zenkqubo: Iicastings zinokuchaneka okuphezulu, umphezulu ogudileyo, ubume obuxineneyo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
I-Centrifugal casting ibhekiselele kwindlela yokuphosa apho isinyithi solwelo sigalelwa kwisingundo esijikelezayo, sizaliswe kwaye siqiniswe kwi-casting phantsi kwesenzo samandla we-centrifugal. Umatshini osetyenziselwa ukuphosa kwi-centrifugal ubizwa ngokuba ngumatshini wokuphosa we-centrifugal.
Ilungelo lokuqala lomenzi we-centrifugal casting lacetywa yi-British Erchardt ngo-1809. Kwakungekho ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini apho le ndlela yamkelwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwimveliso. Kwiminyaka ye-1930, ilizwe lethu laqala ukusebenzisa iityhubhu ze-centrifugal kunye ne-cylinder castings njengemibhobho yentsimbi, imikhono yobhedu, i-cylinder liners, i-bimetallic steel-backed copper sleeves, njl. ukongeza, kwii-roller zensimbi ezikwazi ukumelana nobushushu, ezinye izikhala zentsimbi ezikhethekileyo ezingenamthungo, iidramu zoomisa umatshini wephepha kunye nezinye iindawo zokuvelisa, indlela yokuphosa i-centrifugal nayo isetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo. Okwangoku, umatshini wokujula we-centrifugal owenziwe ngoomatshini ophucukileyo wenziwa, kwaye ucweyo oluveliswe ngobuninzi lokwenziwa kombhobho osentrifugal lwakhiwe.
5. Ukuphosa uxinzelelo oluphantsi
Izinto zokuphosa: i-alloy engeyiyo i-ferrous
Umgangatho wokuphosa: amashumi eegram ukuya kumashumi eekhilogram
Umgangatho wokusabeka: kulungile
Ubume bokuphosa: intsonkothile (undoqo wesanti uyafumaneka)
Iindleko zokuvelisa: Iindleko zokuvelisa uhlobo lwetsimbi ziphezulu
Ubungakanani besicelo: iibhetshi ezincinci, ngokukhethekileyo iibhetshi ezinkulu ze-alloy castings ezinkulu kunye nobukhulu obuphakathi, kwaye zinokuvelisa ii-castings ezinodonga oluncinci.
Iimpawu zenkqubo: Isakhiwo sokuphosa sixinene, isivuno senkqubo siphezulu, izixhobo zilula, kwaye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokubumba zingasetyenziswa, kodwa imveliso iphantsi.
I-low-pressure casting yindlela yokuphosa apho isinyithi se-liquid sizalisa isikhunta kwaye siqina kwi-casting phantsi kwesenzo segesi ephantsi. Ukuphoswa koxinzelelo oluphantsi ekuqaleni kwakusetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwe-aluminium alloy castings, kwaye kamva ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwandiswa ngakumbi ukuvelisa ubhedu, ukutyhilwa kwentsimbi kunye neentsimbi zentsimbi ezineendawo eziphezulu zokunyibilika.
6. Ukuphosa uxinzelelo
Izinto zokuphosa: i-aluminium alloy, i-magnesium alloy
Umgangatho wokuphosa: iigram ezininzi ukuya kumashumi eekhilogram
Umgangatho wokusabeka: kulungile
Ubume bokuphosa: intsonkothile (undoqo wesanti uyafumaneka)
Iindleko zemveliso: Oomatshini bokufa kunye nomngundo kubiza imali eninzi ukwenza
Ububanzi besicelo: Ukuveliswa kobuninzi beentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezincinci kunye nobukhulu obuphakathi obungenawo i-alloy castings, ii-castings ezinodonga olucekeceke, kunye ne-castings-resistant-resistant.
Iimpawu zenkqubo: IiCastings zinokuchaneka okuphezulu, umphezulu ogudileyo, ubume obuxineneyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kunye neendleko eziphantsi, kodwa iindleko zoomatshini bokuphosa kunye nokubumba ziphezulu.
Uxinzelelo loxinzelelo luneempawu ezimbini eziphambili: uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nokuzaliswa kwesantya esiphezulu se-die-casting molds. Uxinzelelo olukhethekileyo lwesitofu oluqhele ukusetyenziswa lusuka kumawaka aliqela ukuya kumashumi amawaka e-kPa, okanye nokuba phezulu njenge-2×105kPa. Isantya sokuzalisa simalunga ne-10-50m / s, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha sinokufikelela nangaphezulu kwe-100m / s. Ixesha lokuzalisa lifutshane kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo kuluhlu lwe-0.01-0.2s. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokuphosa, ukuphosa kufa kunezi ngenelo zintathu zilandelayo: umgangatho olungileyo wemveliso, ukuchaneka komgangatho ophezulu wokusaswa, ngokubanzi kulingana nebanga lesi-6 ukuya kwelesi-7, okanye ukuya kutsho kwibakala lesi-4; ukugqiba kakuhle komphezulu, ngokulingana nebanga lesi-5 ukuya kwelesi-8; amandla Inobulukhuni obuphezulu, kwaye amandla ayo ngokuqhelekileyo ama-25 ~ 30% aphezulu kunesanti, kodwa ubude bayo buncitshiswe malunga ne-70%; inemilinganiselo ezinzileyo kunye nokutshintshiselana okulungileyo; inokufa-iphoswe ngodonga olucekethekileyo kunye neecastings ezintsonkothileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ubungakanani obuncinci bodonga lwangoku lwe-zinc alloy die-casting parts inokufikelela kwi-0.3mm; ubuncinci bodonga lwe-aluminium alloy castings lungafikelela kwi-0.5mm; ubuncinci bomngxunya wokuphosa ububanzi yi-0.7mm; kwaye i-pitch yentambo encinci yi-0.75mm.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-08-2024
