Intshayelelo
Ukuphosa yeyona teknoloji yokuqala yentsimbi yokusetyenzwa kwe-thermal eyenziwa ngabantu, enembali emalunga nama-6,000 eminyaka. I-China ingene kwixesha le-bronze castings phakathi kwe-1700 BC kunye ne-1000 BC, kwaye ubugcisa bayo bufikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu. Izinto zokubumba zinokuba yintlabathi, isinyithi okanye i-ceramic. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno, iindlela ezisetyenziswayo ziya kwahluka. Zeziphi iimpawu zenkqubo nganye yokuphosa? Ziziphi iimveliso ezifanelekileyo kuyo?
1. Ukugalelwa kwesanti
Izinto zokuphosa: izinto ezahlukeneyo
Umgangatho wokuphosa: amashumi eegram ukuya kwishumi leetoni, amakhulu eetoni
Umgangatho wokusahlela: umbi
Isakhiwo sokuphosa: ilula
Iindleko zokuvelisa: ziphantsi
Ububanzi besicelo: Ezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo zokuphosa. Ukubunjwa kwezandla kulungele iziqwenga ezingatshatanga, iibhetshi ezincinci kunye neengqungquthela ezinkulu ezinemilo enzima enzima ukusebenzisa umatshini wokubumba. Imodeli yomatshini ifanelekile kwii-castings eziphakathi kunye ezincinci eziveliswe kwiibhetshi.
Iimpawu zenkqubo: Imodeli ye-Manual: iguquguqukayo kwaye ilula, kodwa inemveliso ephantsi yokuvelisa, ubuninzi bomsebenzi ophezulu, kunye nokuchaneka okuphantsi komgangatho kunye nomgangatho ophezulu. Imodeli yomatshini: ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nomgangatho womphezulu, kodwa utyalo-mali oluphezulu.
Inkcazo emfutshane: Ukuphosa kwesanti yeyona nkqubo ixhaphakileyo isetyenziswa kwishishini le-Foundry namhlanje. Ifanelekile kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. I-alloys ene-ferrous kunye ne-non-ferrous alloys inokuphoswa kunye nokubunjwa kwesanti. Iyakwazi ukuvelisa i-castings ukusuka kumashumi eegram ukuya kwishumi leetoni nangaphezulu. Ukungalungi kokuphosa isanti kukuba inokuvelisa kuphela i-castings enezakhiwo ezilula. Inzuzo enkulu yokuphosa isanti kukuba: ixabiso eliphantsi lokuvelisa. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nokugqitywa komphezulu, i-metallography yokuphosa, kunye nokuxinana kwangaphakathi, kuphantsi kakhulu. Ngokubhekiselele kwimodeli, inokuthi yenziwe ngesandla okanye ifakwe kumatshini. Ukubunjwa kwezandla kulungele iziqwenga ezingatshatanga, iibhetshi ezincinci kunye neengqungquthela ezinkulu ezinemilo enzima enzima ukusebenzisa umatshini wokubumba. Imodeli yomatshini inokuphucula kakhulu ukuchaneka komphezulu kunye nokuchaneka komda, kodwa utyalo-mali lukhulu.
2.Utyalo mali
Izinto zokuphosa: intsimbi etyhidiweyo kunye ne-non-ferrous alloy
Umgangatho wokuphosa: iigram ezininzi ukuya kwiikhilogram ezininzi
Umgangatho wokuphosa umphezulu: ulunge kakhulu
Ubume bokuphosa: nakuphi na ukuntsokotha
Iindleko zemveliso: Xa ziveliswa ngobuninzi, zinexabiso eliphantsi kunemveliso eyenziwe ngoomatshini ngokupheleleyo.
Umda wesicelo: Iibhetshi ezahlukeneyo ezincinci kunye nezintsonkothileyo zokuphoswa kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo kunye neendawo eziphezulu zokunyibilika, ezilungele ngakumbi imisebenzi yobugcisa kunye namalungu omatshini achanekileyo.
Iimpawu zenkqubo: ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional, umphezulu ogudileyo, kodwa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
Inkcazo emfutshane: Inkqubo yotyalo-mali yaqalwa ngaphambili. Kwilizwe lethu, inkqubo yotyalo-mali isetyenzisiwe ekuveliseni ubucwebe kwizikhulu ngexesha leNtwasahlobo nekwindla. Ukuboniswa kotyalo-mali ngokuqhelekileyo kuntsonkothile kwaye akufanelanga ukuboniswa okukhulu. Le nkqubo intsonkothile yaye kunzima ukuyilawula, yaye izinto ezisetyenziswayo nezisetyenziswayo zibiza imali eninzi kakhulu. Ke ngoko, ifanelekile ukuveliswa kwamacandelo amancinci aneemilo ezintsonkothileyo, iimfuno ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo, okanye kunzima ukwenza enye inkqubo, efana neenjini ze-injini ye-injini.
3. Ukuphosa amagwebu okulahlekileyo
Izinto zokuphosa: izinto ezahlukeneyo
Ubunzima bokuphosa: iigram ezininzi ukuya kwiitoni ezininzi
Umgangatho wokusabeka: kulungile
Ubume bokuphosa: intsonkothe ngakumbi
Iindleko zokuvelisa: ngaphantsi
Ubungakanani besicelo: intsonkothe ngakumbi kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zealloy casts kwiibhetshi ezahlukeneyo.
Iimpawu zenkqubo: Ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional of castings kuphezulu, inkululeko yoyilo yokuphosa inkulu, kwaye inkqubo ilula, kodwa ukutshiswa kwepateni kunemiphumo ethile yokusingqongileyo.
Inkcazo emfutshane: Ukuphosa ugwebu olulahlekileyo kukudibanisa kunye nokudibanisa iparafini okanye imifuziselo yogwebu efana nobukhulu kunye nokumila kokusalwa kwimodeli yeqela. Emva kokuxubha ngepeyinti ephikisayo kunye nokomisa, zingcwatywa kwisanti eyomileyo ye-quartz kwaye zixutywe ukumila, kwaye zigalelwe phantsi koxinzelelo olubi ukwenza imodeli yeqela. Indlela entsha yokuphosa apho imodeli iba ngumphunga, isinyithi solwelo sithatha indawo yemodeli, kwaye siqina kwaye sipholile ukwenza ukuphosa. Ukuphosa amagwebu okulahlekileyo yinkqubo entsha phantse engenamda kunye nokubumba okuchanekileyo. Le nkqubo ayifuni ukuthatha isikhunta, akukho ndawo yokwahlula, kwaye akukho ngundoqo wesanti. Ke ngoko, ukuphosa akukho flash, i-burrs, kunye ne-draft slope, kwaye kunciphisa inani leziphene eziphambili zokungunda. Iimpazamo ezibangelwa kukudityaniswa.
Ezi ndlela zingentla zilishumi elinanye zineempawu zenkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Kwimveliso yokuphosa, iindlela zokuphosa ezihambelanayo kufuneka zikhethwe kwii-castings ezahlukeneyo. Enyanisweni, kunzima ukuthetha ukuba inkqubo yokuphosa enzima-ukukhula ineenzuzo ezipheleleyo. Kwimveliso, wonke umntu ukhetha inkqubo esebenzayo kunye nendlela yenkqubo kunye nokusebenza kweendleko eziphantsi.
4. Ukuphosa kwi-Centrifugal
Izinto zokugalela: intsimbi engwevu, intsimbi edityanisiweyo
Umgangatho wokuphosa: amashumi eekhilogram ukuya kwiitoni ezininzi
Umgangatho wokusabeka: kulungile
Isakhiwo sokuphosa: ii-cylindrical castings ngokubanzi
Iindleko zokuvelisa: ngaphantsi
Ububanzi besicelo: iibhetshi ezincinci ukuya kwezinkulu ezijikelezayo zomzimba kunye nokufakelwa kwemibhobho yobubanzi obahlukeneyo.
Iimpawu zenkqubo: Iicastings zinokuchaneka okuphezulu, umphezulu ogudileyo, ubume obuxineneyo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
Inkcazo emfutshane: Ukuphosa okuphakathi (centrifugal casting) kubhekiselele kwindlela yokuphosa apho isinyithi solwelo sigalelwa kumngundo ojikelezayo, sizaliswe kwaye siqiniswe ekujuleni phantsi kwentshukumo yamandla e-centrifugal. Umatshini osetyenziselwa ukuphosa kwi-centrifugal ubizwa ngokuba ngumatshini wokuphosa we-centrifugal.
[Intshayelelo] Ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza lokuqala le-centrifugal casting lacetywa yiBritish Erchardt ngo-1809. Kwaba ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini apho le ndlela yamkelwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwimveliso. Kwiminyaka ye-1930, ilizwe lethu laqala ukusebenzisa iityhubhu ze-centrifugal kunye ne-cylinder castings njengemibhobho yentsimbi, imikhono yobhedu, i-cylinder liners, i-bimetallic steel-backed copper sleeves, njl. ukongeza, kwii-roller zensimbi ezikwazi ukumelana nobushushu, ezinye izikhala zentsimbi ezikhethekileyo ezingenamthungo, iidramu zoomisa umatshini wephepha kunye nezinye iindawo zokuvelisa, indlela yokuphosa i-centrifugal nayo isetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo. Okwangoku, oomatshini bokujula be-centrifugal abanoomatshini abaphezulu benziwe, kwaye ucweyo oluveliswe ngobuninzi oluveliswe ngoomatshini bokuphosa umbhobho osentrifugal sele lwakhiwe.
5. Ukuphosa uxinzelelo oluphantsi
Izinto zokuphosa: i-alloy engeyiyo i-ferrous
Umgangatho wokuphosa: amashumi eegram ukuya kumashumi eekhilogram
Umgangatho wokusabeka: kulungile
Ubume bokuphosa: intsonkothile (undoqo wesanti uyafumaneka)
Iindleko zokuvelisa: Iindleko zokuvelisa uhlobo lwetsimbi ziphezulu
Ubungakanani besicelo: iibhetshi ezincinci, ngokukhethekileyo iibhetshi ezinkulu ze-alloy castings ezinkulu kunye nobukhulu obuphakathi, kwaye zinokuvelisa ii-castings ezinodonga oluncinci.
Iimpawu zenkqubo: Isakhiwo sokuphosa sixinene, isivuno senkqubo siphezulu, izixhobo zilula, kwaye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokubumba zingasetyenziswa, kodwa imveliso iphantsi.
Inkcazo emfutshane: I-low-pressure casting yindlela yokuphosa apho isinyithi se-liquid sizalisa isikhunta kwaye siqina kwi-casting phantsi kwesenzo segesi ephantsi. Ukuphoswa koxinzelelo oluphantsi ekuqaleni kwakusetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwe-aluminium alloy castings, kwaye kamva ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwandiswa ngakumbi ukuvelisa ubhedu, ukutyhilwa kwentsimbi kunye neentsimbi zentsimbi ezineendawo eziphezulu zokunyibilika.
6. Ukuphosa uxinzelelo
Izinto zokuphosa: i-aluminium alloy, i-magnesium alloy
Umgangatho wokuphosa: iigram ezininzi ukuya kumashumi eekhilogram
Umgangatho wokusabeka: kulungile
Ubume bokuphosa: intsonkothile (undoqo wesanti uyafumaneka)
Iindleko zemveliso: Oomatshini bokufa kunye nomngundo kubiza imali eninzi ukwenza
Ububanzi besicelo: Ukuveliswa kobuninzi beentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezincinci kunye nobukhulu obuphakathi obungenawo i-alloy castings, ii-castings ezinodonga olucekeceke, kunye ne-castings-resistant-resistant.
Iimpawu zenkqubo: IiCastings zinokuchaneka okuphezulu, umphezulu ogudileyo, ubume obuxineneyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kunye neendleko eziphantsi, kodwa iindleko zoomatshini bokuphosa kunye nokubumba ziphezulu.
Inkcazo emfutshane: Uxinzelelo loxinzelelo luneempawu ezimbini eziphambili: uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nokuzaliswa kwesantya esiphezulu sokubumba okufayo. Uxinzelelo olukhethekileyo lwesitofu oluqhele ukusetyenziswa lusuka kumawaka aliqela ukuya kumashumi amawaka e-kPa, okanye nokuba phezulu njenge-2×105kPa. Isantya sokuzalisa simalunga ne-10 ~ 50m / s, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha sinokufikelela nangaphezulu kwe-100m / s. Ixesha lokuzalisa lifutshane kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo kuluhlu lwe-0.01 ~ 0.2s. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokuphosa, ukuphosa kufa kunezi ngenelo zintathu zilandelayo: umgangatho olungileyo wemveliso, ukuchaneka komgangatho ophezulu wokuphosa, ngokubanzi kulingana nenqanaba lesi-6 ukuya kwelesi-7, okanye ukuya kwinqanaba lesi-4; ukugqiba kakuhle komphezulu, ngokubanzi kulingana nenqanaba lesi-5 ukuya kwisi-8; amandla Inobulukhuni obuphezulu, kwaye amandla ayo aqhelekile ngama-25% ukuya kuma-30% aphezulu kunalawo okwenziwa kwesanti, kodwa ubude bayo buncitshiswe malunga ne-70%; inemilinganiselo ezinzileyo kunye nokutshintshiselana okulungileyo; inokufa-iphoswe ngodonga olucekethekileyo kunye neecastings ezintsonkothileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ubungakanani obuncinci bodonga lwangoku lwe-zinc alloy die-casting parts inokufikelela kwi-0.3mm; ubuncinci bodonga lwe-aluminium alloy castings lungafikelela kwi-0.5mm; ubuncinci bomngxunya wokuphosa ububanzi yi-0.7mm; kwaye i-pitch yentambo encinci yi-0.75mm.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-18-2024
