I-Abstract: Impembelelo yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lokushisa ekusebenzeni kwezinto ze-ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo zafundwa. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba emva konyango lobushushu kwi-1 010 ℃ normalizing + 605 ℃ i-primary tempering + 580 ℃ i-secondary tempering, izinto zifikelela kwisalathisi sokusebenza kakuhle. Ulwakhiwo lwayo luyi-low-carbon martensite + i-reverse transformation austenite, inamandla amakhulu, ukuqina okuphantsi kobushushu kunye nobunzima obufanelekileyo. Ihlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kwemveliso ekusetyenzisweni kwemveliso yonyango lobushushu elikhulu.
Amagama angundoqo: ZG06Cr13NI4Mo; intsimbi ye-martensitic; incakuba
Iibhleyidi ezinkulu zizinto eziphambili kwiiinjini zombane oqhutywa ngamanzi. Iimeko zenkonzo yamacandelo anzima kakhulu, kwaye ziphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu lokuhamba kwamanzi, ukuguga kunye nokukhukuliseka ixesha elide. Izinto eziphathekayo zikhethwe kwi-ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo intsimbi ye-martensitic enezixhobo ezilungileyo ezibanzi zoomatshini kunye nokumelana nokubola. Ngokuphuhliswa kombane wamanzi kunye nokuphosa okuhambelanayo ngokubhekiselele kumlinganiselo omkhulu, iimfuno eziphezulu zibekwe phambili ekusebenzeni kwezinto zensimbi ezingenasici ezifana ne-ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kudityaniswe novavanyo lwemveliso ye-ZG06C r13N i4M o iiblades ezinkulu zeshishini lasekhaya lezixhobo zombane wamanzi, ngolawulo lwangaphakathi lokwakheka kweekhemikhali, inkqubo yonyango lobushushu lovavanyo lothelekiso kunye nohlalutyo lweziphumo zovavanyo, i-normalization eyodwa ephuculweyo + ubushushu obuphindwe kabini inkqubo yonyango ye-ZG06C r13N i4M o izinto zensimbi ezingenasici zizimisele ukuvelisa i-castings ehlangabezana neemfuno eziphezulu zokusebenza.
1 Ulawulo lwangaphakathi lokubunjwa kweekhemikhali
I-ZG06C r13N i4M o impahla yintsimbi ye-martensitic ephezulu yokuqina, efunekayo ukuba ibe neempawu eziphezulu zoomatshini kunye nokuqina okuhle kobushushu obuphantsi. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwezinto, ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali kwakulawulwa ngaphakathi, kufuna i-w (C) ≤ 0.04%, w (P) ≤ 0.025%, w (S) ≤ 0.08%, kwaye umxholo wegesi wawulawulwa. Itheyibhile 1 ibonisa uluhlu lwemichiza yolawulo lwangaphakathi kunye neziphumo zokuhlalutya kokwakheka kweekhemikhali zesampulu, kwaye iThebhile 2 ibonisa iimfuno zolawulo lwangaphakathi lomxholo wegesi yezinto eziphathekayo kunye neziphumo zohlalutyo lwesampulu yomxholo wegesi.
Itheyibhile 1 Ukwakhiwa kwemichiza (iqhezu lobunzima,%)
| isiqalelo | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Ni | Cr | Mo | Cu | Al |
| imfuneko esemgangathweni | ≤0.06 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.80 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.025 | 3.5-5.0 | 11.5-13.5 | 0.4-1.0 | ≤0.5 |
|
| Izithako Ulawulo lwangaphakathi | ≤0.04 | 0.6-0.9 | 1.4-0.7 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.008 | 4.0-5.0 | 12.0-13.0 | 0.5-0.7 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.040 |
| Hlalutya iziphumo | 0.023 | 1.0 | 0.57 | 0.013 | 0.005 | 4.61 | 13.0 | 0.56 | 0.02 | 0.035 |
Uluhlu lwesi-2 lwesiqulatho segesi (ppm)
| igesi | H | O | N |
| Iimfuno zolawulo lwangaphakathi | ≤2.5 | ≤80 | ≤150 |
| Hlalutya iziphumo | 1.69 | 68.6 | 119.3 |
Izinto ze-ZG06C r13N i4M o zanyibilikiswa kwi-30 t electric furnace, ehlanjululwe kwisithando somlilo se-25T LF yokudibanisa, ukulungelelanisa ukubunjwa kunye nokushisa, kunye ne-decarburized kunye ne-degassed kwisithando somlilo se-25T VOD, ngaloo ndlela ifumana i-carbon encibilikisiweyo enentsimbi, ukubunjwa okufanayo, ukucoceka okuphezulu, kunye nomxholo wegesi onobungozi ophantsi. Ekugqibeleni, ucingo lwe-aluminiyam lwalusetyenziselwa i-deoxidation yokugqibela ukunciphisa umxholo we-oksijini kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo kunye nokuphucula ngakumbi iinkozo.
2 Uvavanyo lwenkqubo yonyango lobushushu
2.1 Isicwangciso sovavanyo
Umzimba wokuphosa wawusetyenziswa njengomzimba wovavanyo, ubungakanani bebhloko yovavanyo yayiyi-70mm× 70mm×230mm, kwaye unyango lwangaphambili lobushushu lwaluthambisa i-annealing. Emva kokubonisana noncwadi, iiparamitha zenkqubo yokushisa ubushushu ezikhethiweyo zezi: ubushushu obuqhelekileyo 1 010 ℃, ubushushu obuphambili be-590 ℃, 605 ℃, 620 ℃, ubushushu besibini bobushushu obuyi-580 ℃, kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuthambisa zasetyenziselwa iimvavanyo zokuthelekisa. Isicwangciso sovavanyo siboniswe kwiThebhile 3.
Uluhlu 3 Isicwangciso sovavanyo lobushushu
| Isicwangciso sovavanyo | Inkqubo yokuvavanya unyango lobushushu | Iiprojekthi zokulinga |
| A1 | 1 010℃Ukuqheleka+620℃Ubushushu | Iipropati zokuqina Impembelelo Ukuqina Ukuqina HB Ukugoba iipropati zeMicrostructure |
| A2 | 1 010℃Iqhelekile+620℃Ubushushu+580℃Ubushushu | |
| B1 | 1 010℃Ukuqheleka+620℃Ubushushu | |
| B2 | 1 010℃Iqhelekile+620℃Ubushushu+580℃Ubushushu | |
| C1 | 1 010℃Ukuqheleka+620℃Ubushushu | |
| C2 | 1 010℃Iqhelekile+620℃Ubushushu+580℃Ubushushu |
2.2 Uhlalutyo lweziphumo zovavanyo
2.2.1 Uhlalutyo lwemichiza
Ukususela kwiziphumo zokuhlalutya ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye nomxholo wegesi kwiThebhile 1 kunye neThebhile 2, izinto eziphambili kunye nomxholo wegesi zihambelana noluhlu olulungisiweyo lokulawula ukubunjwa.
2.2.2 Uhlalutyo lweziphumo zovavanyo lwentsebenzo
Emva kokunyanga ubushushu ngokwezicwangciso ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo, iimvavanyo zokuthelekisa iimpawu zemishini zenziwa ngokuhambelana ne-GB/T228.1-2010, GB/T229-2007, kunye nemigangatho ye-GB/T231.1-2009. Iziphumo zovavanyo ziboniswe kwiThebhile 4 kunye neTheyibhile yesi-5.
Itheyibhile 4 Uhlalutyo lweempawu zoomatshini kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga ubushushu
| Isicwangciso sovavanyo | Rp0.2/Mpa | Rm/Mpa | A/％ | Z/％ | AKV/J(0℃) | Ixabiso lobunzima HBW |
| umgangatho | ≥550 | ≥750 | ≥15 | ≥35 | ≥50 | 210-290 |
| A1 | 526 | 786 | 21.5 | 71 | 168,160,168 | 247 |
| A2 | 572 | 809 | 26 | 71 | 142, 143,139 | 247 |
| B1 | 588 | 811 | 21.5 | 71 | 153, 144, 156 | 250 |
| B2 | 687 | 851 | 23 | 71 | 172, 165, 176 | 268 |
| C1 | 650 | 806 | 23 | 71 | 147, 152, 156 | 247 |
| C2 | 664 | 842 | 23.5 | 70 | 147, 141, 139 | 263 |
Itheyibhile 5 Ukugoba uvavanyo
| Isicwangciso sovavanyo | Uvavanyo lokugoba (d=25, a=90°) | uvavanyo |
| B1 | I-Crack5.2 × 1.2mm | Ukusilela |
| B2 | Akukho zintanda | ufanelekile |
Ukususela kuthelekiso kunye nohlalutyo lweempawu zomatshini: (1) Ukulungelelanisa + ukunyangwa kobushushu, izinto eziphathekayo zinokufumana iimpawu ezingcono zomatshini, ezibonisa ukuba izinto ezinobunzima obuhle. (2) Emva kokulungelelanisa unyango lobushushu, amandla esivuno kunye neplastiki (i-elongation) yokufudumala kabini iyaphuculwa xa kuthelekiswa nokuvutha okukodwa. (3) Ukususela ekuhlolweni kokusebenza okugoba kunye nohlalutyo, ukusebenza kokugoba kwe-B1 ngokuqhelekileyo + inkqubo yokuvavanya i-temperature eyodwa ayifanelekanga, kunye nokusebenza kovavanyo lokugoba kwenkqubo yovavanyo lwe-B2 emva kokuvutha kabini kuyafaneleka. (4) Ukusuka kuthelekiso lweziphumo zovavanyo lobushushu obuhlukeneyo obuyi-6, inkqubo ye-B2 yenkqubo ye-1 010℃ i-normalizing + 605℃ i-single tempering + 580℃ i-secondary tempering ineyona mpahla igqwesileyo yomatshini, inamandla okuvelisa angama-687MPa, ukunwenwa. ye-23%, ukuqina kwempembelelo engaphezulu kwe-160J ku-0℃, ukuqina okuphakathi kwe-268HB, kunye nokusebenza okugoba okufanelekileyo, zonke zihlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kwezinto eziphathekayo.
2.2.3 Uhlalutyo lwesakhiwo se-metallographic
Isakhiwo se-metallographic yezinto eziphathekayo ze-B1 kunye ne-B2 iinkqubo zokuvavanya zahlalutywa ngokwe-GB/T13298-1991 standard. Umzobo 1 ubonisa ubume metallographic of normalizing + 605 ℃ yokuqala tempering, kwaye Figure 2 ubonisa isakhiwo metallographic of normalizing + lokuqala tempering + yesibini tempering. Ukususela ekuhlolweni kwe-metallographic kunye nokuhlalutya, isakhiwo esiphambili se-ZG06C r13N i4M o emva kokunyanga ukushisa i-low-carbon lath martensite + ukuguqulwa kwe-austenite. Ukusuka kuhlalutyo lwesakhiwo se-metallographic, iinyanda ze-lath martensite zezinto emva kokufudumeza kokuqala ziba ngqindilili kwaye zinde. Emva kokufudumala kwesibini, isakhiwo se-matrix sitshintsha kancinci, isakhiwo se-martensite sibuye sihlanjululwe kancinci, kwaye isakhiwo sifana kakhulu; ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni, amandla esivuno kunye neplastiki iphuculwe kwinqanaba elithile.
Umzobo we-1 ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo ulungelelanisa + i-microstructure enye yokufudumala
Umzobo 2 ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo ulungelelanisa + ubushushu obuphindwe kabini ubume bemetallographic
2.2.4 Uhlalutyo lweziphumo zovavanyo
1) Uvavanyo luqinisekisile ukuba i-ZG06C r13N i4M o impahla inobunzima obuhle. Ngokusebenzisa unyango oluqhelekileyo + lobushushu, izinto eziphathekayo zinokufumana iipropathi ezilungileyo zoomatshini; amandla isivuno kunye neempawu zeplastiki (elongation) ezimbini temperings emva normalizing unyango ubushushu ziphezulu kakhulu kunezo tempering enye.
2) Uhlalutyo lovavanyo lubonisa ukuba ulwakhiwo lwe-ZG06C r13N i4M o emva kokuqhelekileyo luyi-martensite, kunye nesakhiwo emva kokushisa i-low-carbon lath tempered martensite + i-austenite eguqulelwe. I-austenite eguquliweyo kwisakhiwo esivuthayo sinozinzo oluphezulu lwe-thermal kwaye lunempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwiipropati ze-mechanical, iimpembelelo zempembelelo kunye ne-casting kunye ne-welding process properties. Ke ngoko, izinto eziphathekayo zinamandla aphezulu, ukuqina kweplastiki ephezulu, ubunzima obufanelekileyo, ukuxhathisa okulungileyo kokuqhekeka kunye nokuphosa okulungileyo kunye neempawu ze-welding emva konyango lobushushu.
3) Hlalutya izizathu zokuphuculwa kwentsebenzo yesibini ye-temperature ye-ZG06C r13N i4M o. Emva kokuqhelekileyo, ukufudumeza kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu, i-ZG06C r13N i4M o yenza i-austenite ecocekileyo emva kwe-austenitization, kwaye iguqule ibe yi-cartensite ephantsi kwekhabhoni emva kokupholisa ngokukhawuleza. Kwi-temering yokuqala, i-carbon supersaturated kwi-martensite iyancipha ngendlela ye-carbides, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa amandla ezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuphucula iplastiki kunye nokuqina kwezinto. Ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu bobushushu bokuqala, ubushushu bokuqala buvelisa i-austenite entle kakhulu ebuyela umva ukongeza kwi-martensite epholileyo. Ezi austenites reverse ngokuyinxenye iguqulwe ibe martensite ngexesha ukupholisa ukupholisa, ukubonelela iimeko nucleation kunye nokukhula ezinzile reverse austenite eveliswe kwakhona ngexesha lesibini inkqubo ukucaphuka. Injongo yobushushu besibini kukufumana i-austenite ezinzileyo ezinzileyo eyaneleyo. Ezi austenites ezibuyela umva zinokungena kwinguqu yesigaba ngexesha lokuguqulwa kweplastiki, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe amandla kunye neplastiki yezinto. Ngenxa yeemeko ezilinganiselweyo, akunakwenzeka ukujonga kunye nokuhlalutya i-austenite eguqukayo, ngoko ke olu vavanyo kufuneka luthathe iimpawu zomatshini kunye ne-microstructure njengezona zinto ziphambili zophando kuhlalutyo lokuthelekisa.
3 Isicelo seMveliso
I-ZG06C r13N i4M o yinto ephezulu yokuqina yensimbi engenasici kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Xa ukuveliswa kwangempela kwee-blades kuqhutyelwa, ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali kunye neemfuno zolawulo lwangaphakathi ezigqitywe nguvavanyo, kunye nenkqubo yonyango yokushisa ye-normalization yesibini + ukutshisa isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa. Inkqubo yokunyanga ukushisa iboniswe kuMfanekiso 3. Okwangoku, ukuveliswa kwee-10 ezinkulu ze-hydropower blades ziye zagqitywa, kwaye ukusebenza kuye kwahlangabezana neemfuno zomsebenzisi. Baluphumelele uvavanyo kwakhona lomsebenzisi kwaye bafumene uvavanyo oluhle.
Ngeempawu zeencakuba ezigobileyo ezintsonkothileyo, ubungakanani becontour enkulu, iintloko zeshaft eshinyeneyo, kunye noguquko olulula kunye nokuqhekeka, amanyathelo athile enkqubo kufuneka athathwe kwinkqubo yonyango lobushushu:
1) Intloko ye-shaft isezantsi kwaye i-blade iphezulu. Iskimu sokulayishwa kwesithando somlilo samkelwe ukuququzelela ubuncinci be-deformation, njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 4;
2) Qinisekisa ukuba kukho i-gap enkulu eyaneleyo phakathi kwe-castings kunye naphakathi kwe-castings kunye ne-pad iron floor plate ukuqinisekisa ukupholisa, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba intloko ye-shaft enzima ihlangabezana neemfuno zokufumanisa i-ultrasonic;
I-3) Isigaba sokufudumala se-workpiece sahlulwe ngamaxesha amaninzi ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwentlangano yokuphosa ngexesha lokufudumala ukuthintela ukuqhekeka.
Ukuphunyezwa kwamanyathelo onyango okushisa angentla kuqinisekisa umgangatho wokushisa ukushisa kwe-blade.
Umzobo 3 ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo inkqubo yonyango lobushushu beblade
Umzobo we-4 Isikimu sokulayishwa kwesithando sobushushu be-blade
4 Izigqibo
I-1) Ngokusekelwe kulawulo lwangaphakathi lokubunjwa kweekhemikhali zezinto eziphathekayo, ngovavanyo lwenkqubo yokushisa ukushisa, kunqunywe ukuba inkqubo yokunyanga ukushisa kwe-ZG06C r13N i4M o i-high-stain stainless steel material yinkqubo yokushisa ukushisa kwe-1. I-010 ℃ i-normalizing + 605 ℃ i-primary tempering + 580 ℃ i-secondary tempering, enokuqinisekisa ukuba iipropathi ze-mechanical, iipropathi zempembelelo zobushushu obuphantsi kunye neempawu zokugoba ezibandayo zezinto zokuphosa zihlangabezana neemfuno eziqhelekileyo.
2) ZG06C r13N i4M o izinto eziphathekayo zinokuqiniswa okulungileyo. Ulwakhiwo emva kokuqhelekileyo + unyango lobushushu oluphindwe kabini yi-carbon lath martensite ephantsi + i-reverse austenite esebenza kakuhle, enokuqina okuphezulu, ukuqina kweplastiki ephezulu, ubunzima obufanelekileyo, ukumelana nokuqhekeka okulungileyo kunye nokuphosa okulungileyo kunye nokusebenza kwe-welding.
I-3) Isicwangciso sonyango sokushisa se-normalizing + kabini ukufudumeza okugqitywe ngovavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwenkqubo yokushisa ukushisa kwamagqabi amakhulu, kunye neempawu eziphathekayo zonke zihlangabezana neemfuno ezisemgangathweni zomsebenzisi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-28-2024
