一、 Oonobangela abaqhelekileyo abachaphazela ukujula komphezulu ogqityiweyo
1. Ubume bezinto eziluhlaza, ezifana nesanti yokubumba, yahlulwe ibe yingqukuva, isikwere kunye nonxantathu. Elona libi ngunxantathu, linezithuba ezikhulu kakhulu (ukuba yintlabathi yeresin, isixa seresin eyongeziweyo siya kwanda, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo isixa segesi siya kwanda kwangaxeshanye. kulula ukwenza imingxunya), eyona nto ingcono yisanti engqukuva. Ukuba yintlabathi yomgubo wamalahle, umlinganiselo wesanti (amandla kunye nokufuma kwesanti) nawo unempembelelo enkulu kwimbonakalo. Ukuba i-carbon dioxide isanti eqiniweyo, ngoko ixhomekeke kakhulu kwi-coating.
2. Izinto eziphathekayo. Ukuba umlinganiselo wokubunjwa kweekhemikhali we-casting awulingani, njenge-manganese ephantsi, kulula ukukhululeka kwaye izinto ezingaphezulu ziya kuba rhabaxa.
3. Inkqubo yokuphosa. Ukuba inkqubo yokuphosa ayinangqiqo, iya kukhokelela ngokulula kwi-castings ekhululekile. Kwiimeko ezimandundu, i-castings ayinakugalelwa, okanye i-castings epheleleyo ayinakwenziwa.
Inkqubo yokubamba i-slag engenangqiqo iya kubangela ukuba i-slag ingene kwi-mold cavity kwaye idale imingxuma ye-slag.
4. Ukwenza i-slag. Ukuba i-slag kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo ayicocwanga okanye i-slag ayivalwanga ngexesha lokuphosa, okubangela ukuba i-slag iqhube kwi-mold cavity, imingxuma ye-slag iya kubonakala ngokuqinisekileyo.
5. Yenziwe ngumntu, ngenxa yokungakhathali, isanti ayicocwanga okanye iwele kwibhokisi xa ivala ibhokisi, isanti ayidityaniswanga kwimilo, okanye umlinganiselo wesanti awunangqiqo, amandla entlabathi awaneleyo, kwaye i-santi ayidityaniswanga. ukuphosa kuya kuvelisa i-trakoma.
6. Ukugqithisa umgangatho wesulfure kunye ne-phosphorus kuya kubangela ukuqhekeka kwi-castings. Xa uvelisa okanye ukhokela imveliso, le yimiba ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho wokusaswa.
Izizathu ezikhankanywe ngasentla ziyinxalenye encinci yazo. Ngenxa yokutshintsha rhoqo kunye nobume obunzulu bemveliso yokuphosa, iingxaki ezidibana ngexesha lemveliso zihlala zisenzeka. Ngamanye amaxesha kwenzeka ingxaki kwaye unobangela awufumaneki ixesha elide.
二. Izinto ezintathu eziphambili ezichaphazela uburhabaxa bentsimbi engwevu
Njengomlinganiselo obalulekileyo womgangatho womphezulu wentsimbi engwevu, uburhabaxa bomphezulu abuchazi nje ngokuthe ngqo imbonakalo egqwesileyo yenxalenye yentsimbi engwevu, kodwa ikwanempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho wesixhobo somatshini kunye nobomi benkonzo yeentsimbi ezingwevu. . Eli nqaku ligxile ekuhlalutyeni indlela yokuphucula uburhabaxa bomphezulu wentsimbi engwevu ukusuka kwiinkalo ezintathu: izixhobo zoomatshini, izixhobo zokusika, kunye neeparitha zokusika.
1. Impembelelo yezixhobo zoomatshini kuburhabaxa bomphezulu beendawo zentsimbi ezingwevu
Izinto ezinjengokuqina okungahambi kakuhle kwesixhobo somatshini, ukuchaneka kakubi kwe-spindle, ukulungiswa okubuthathaka kwesixhobo somatshini, kunye nezikhewu ezinkulu phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zesixhobo somatshini ziya kuchaphazela uburhabaxa bomphezulu bentsimbi engwevu.
Umzekelo: ukuba ukuchaneka kokuchaneka kwesixhobo somatshini sokuphotha ngu-0.002mm, okuyi-2 micron runout, ngoko ke akunakwenzeka ukuba umatshini wokusebenza kunye noburhabaxa obungaphantsi kwe-0.002mm. Ngokubanzi, izixhobo zokusebenza ezinoburhabaxa bomphezulu be-Ra1.0 zilungile. Yiqhube ngaphandle. Ngaphezu koko, intsimbi engwevu ngokwayo ikukugalela, ngoko ke ayinakusetyenzwa ngoburhabaxa obuphezulu njengamalungu entsimbi. Ukongezelela, iimeko zesixhobo somatshini ngokwazo zihluphekile, okwenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukuqinisekisa uburhabaxa bomphezulu.
Ukuqina kwesixhobo somatshini ngokuqhelekileyo kusetwa kumzi-mveliso kwaye akunakulungiswa. Ukongeza kubulukhuni besixhobo somatshini, ukucocwa kwe-spindle kunokulungiswa, ukuchaneka kokuthwala kunokuphuculwa, njl njl ukwenza ukukhutshwa komatshini kuncinci, ngaloo ndlela kufumaneke uburhabaxa obuphezulu bomphezulu ngexesha lokusetyenzwa kweentsimbi ezingwevu. isidanga siqinisekisiwe ukuya kumlinganiselo othile.
I-2.Impembelelo yezixhobo zokusika kwi-roughness surface ye-gray cast iron parts
Ukukhetha izixhobo zesixhobo
Xa ubudlelwane phakathi kweemolekyuli zetsimbi zesixhobo kunye nezixhobo eziza kucutshungulwa ziphezulu, izinto eziza kucutshungulwa zilula ukudibanisa kunye nesixhobo ukwenza i-edge eyakhelwe-up kunye ne-scaly. Ngoko ke, ukuba i-adhesion inzulu okanye i-friction inzulu, uburhabaxa bomphezulu buya kuba bukhulu, kwaye ngokuphambeneyo. . Xa kucutshungulwa iindawo zentsimbi ezingwevu, kunzima ukufakwa kwe-carbide ukufikelela kuburhabaxa bomhlaba beRa1.6. Nokuba inokufezekiswa, ubomi bayo besixhobo buya kuncitshiswa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo ze-CBN ezenziwe nge-BNK30 zine-coefficient ephantsi ye-friction yezixhobo zesixhobo kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu obuphezulu. Ukuzinza kunye nokuxhatshazwa kokugqoka, ubuninzi bomhlaba we-Ra1.6 bunokucutshungulwa ngokulula kwisantya sokusika amaxesha amaninzi ngaphezu kwe-carbide. Kwangaxeshanye, ubomi besixhobo buphindwe kaninzi kwezo zezixhobo ze-carbide, kwaye ukuqaqamba komphezulu kuphuculwa ngoBukhulu obunye.
Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zejometri parameters
Phakathi kwesixhobo iparameters zejiyometri ezinempembelelo enkulu kuburhabaxa bomphezulu yi-engile engundoqo yokwehla i-Kr, i-engile yokwehla kwesibini i-Kr' kunye nesixhobo se-arc radius re. Xa ii-angles eziphambili kunye ne-second declination angles zincinci, ukuphakama kwendawo eshiyekileyo yendawo esetyenzisiweyo nayo incinci, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ubunzima bomhlaba; encinci i-angle ye-declination angle encinci, i-angle ye-declination angle isezantsi, kodwa ukunciphisa i-angle ye-declination angle iya kubangela ukungcangcazela ngokulula, ngoko ke ukunciphisa I-angle ye-deflection yesibini kufuneka imiselwe ngokobungqongqo besixhobo somatshini. Impembelelo yesixhobo i-arc radius re kubunzima bomphezulu: Xa uphinda unyuka xa ukuqina kuvumela, uburhabaxa bomphezulu buya kuncipha. Ukwandisa i-re yindlela efanelekileyo yokunciphisa uburhabaxa bomphezulu. Ngoko ke, ukunciphisa i-engile yokunciphisa i-Kr, i-engile yokunciphisa i-Kr' kunye nokwandisa i-tip ye-arc radius r inokunciphisa ukuphakama kwendawo eshiyekileyo, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa uburhabaxa bomphezulu.
Iinjineli zesixhobo ziye zathi, “Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhethe i-arc angle yencam yesixhobo ngokusekwe kubungqongqo kunye neemfuneko zoburhabaxa bomsebenzi oza kucutshungulwa. Ukuba ukuqina kukuhle, zama ukukhetha i-angle enkulu ye-arc, engayi kuphucula kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle, kodwa iphucule ukugqitywa komphezulu. Kodwa xa ukruqula okanye usikwa iishafti ezibhityileyo okanye iindawo ezinodonga olucekethekileyo, isixhobo esincinci se-arc radius sihlala sisetyenziswa ngenxa yokuqina kwenkqubo.
Ukunxiba izixhobo
Ukugqoka izixhobo zokusika zihlukaniswe zibe zizigaba ezintathu: ukugqoka kokuqala, ukugqoka okuqhelekileyo kunye nokugqithisa okukhulu. Xa isixhobo singena kwinqanaba elinzima lokunxiba, isantya sokugqoka i-flank isixhobo sikhula ngokukhawuleza, inkqubo idla ngokungazinzi, i-vibration iyanda, kunye nokutshintsha koluhlu lwe-roughness yomhlaba nalo lukhula ngokukhawuleza.
Kwintsimi ye-iron grey cast, iindawo ezininzi ziveliswa kwiibhetshi, ezifuna ukuhambelana komgangatho ophezulu wemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Ngoko ke, iinkampani ezininzi zomatshini zikhetha ukutshintsha izixhobo ngaphandle kokulinda izixhobo zokufikelela kwisigaba sesithathu sokugqoka okunzima, okubizwa ngokuba kunyanzelekile. Xa utshintsha izixhobo, iinkampani zomatshini ziya kuvavanya ngokuphindaphindiweyo izixhobo zokumisela inqaku elibalulekileyo, elinokuqinisekisa iimfuno zobunzima bomphezulu kunye nokuchaneka komgangatho wentsimbi engwevu ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
3.Impembelelo yokusika iiparamitha kwi-roughness surface ye-gray cast iron parts.
Ukukhethwa okuhlukeneyo kweeparitha zokusika kunempembelelo enkulu kwi-roughness yomhlaba kwaye kufuneka ihlawulwe ngokwaneleyo. Ukugqiba yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa uburhabaxa bomphezulu beendawo zentsimbi ezingwevu. Ngoko ke, ngexesha lokugqiba, iiparitha zokusika kufuneka zibe yintloko ekuqinisekiseni uburhalarhume bomhlaba obungwevu bentsimbi, kuthathelwa ingqalelo imveliso kunye nobomi besixhobo esiyimfuneko. Ubunzulu bokusika bokugqiba bugqitywe ngumda oshiywe emva komatshini ongcolileyo ngokusekelwe ekuchanekeni komatshini kunye neemfuno zobunzima bomhlaba. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubunzulu bokusika bulawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-0.5mm. Ngexesha elifanayo, ngokude nje ukuqina komatshini womatshini kukuvumela, ukusebenza kokusika kwesixhobo kunokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye isantya esiphezulu sokusika singasetyenziselwa ukucwangciswa kwe-high-speed machining of grey cast iron parts.
4. Impembelelo yezinye izinto kuburhabaxa bomphezulu beentsimbi ezingwevu
Umzekelo, iinxalenye zentsimbi ezingwevu ngokwazo zineziphene zokuphosa, ukukhetha ulwelo olungenangqiqo, kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa ziya kuchaphazela uburhabaxa bamacandelo entsimbi engwevu.
Iinjineli zezixhobo ziye zathi, "Ukongeza kwizinto ezintathu eziphambili zezixhobo zoomatshini, izixhobo zokusika, kunye neeparamitha zokusika, izinto ezinje ngolwelo lokusika, iinxalenye zentsimbi ezingwevu ngokwazo, kunye neendlela zokusetyenzwa nazo zinefuthe elithile kuburhabaxa begrey. iindawo zentsimbi, ezifana nokujika, ukugawula, Xa kukruqula iinxalenye zentsimbi ezingwevu, izixhobo ze-CBN zinokuphinda zibe nomatshini uburhabaxa bomphezulu weRa0.8 ukuba isixhobo somatshini, iiparamitha zokusika kunye nezinye izinto ziyayivumela, kodwa iya kuba nefuthe ubomi besixhobo. Iinkcukacha kufuneka zigwetywe ngokweemeko ezichanekileyo zokucubungula. “.
5. Isishwankathelo
Kwimbono yokuba uburhabaxa bomphezulu bunefuthe elithe ngqo ekusebenzeni kwamalungu omatshini, kwaye izinto ezichaphazela uburhabaxa bomphezulu kwimveliso eyiyo zivela kwimiba emininzi, kuyimfuneko ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo yonke imiba kwaye kwenziwe uhlengahlengiso oluthe kratya loqoqosho kumphezulu. uburhabaxa njengoko kuyimfuneko.
三, Uwuphucula njani umphezulu ogqityiweyo wokujula (intsimbi yokuphosa)
Ukuqhunyiswa kwesanti
Ubugcisa:
Hlamba ngepetroli (120#) uze uvuthe ngomoya ocinezelweyo → ukuqhushumba kwesanti → Vuthela isanti enomoya ocinezelweyo → Fakela uze uxhome → Umhlwa obuthathaka → Hlanza ngamanzi abandayo aqukuqelayo → I-electro-galvanize okanye ichrome eqinileyo.
Inkqubo ye-corrosion ebuthathaka: w (i-asidi ye-sulfuric) = 5% ~ 10%, ubushushu begumbi, i-5 ~ 10s.
Iindlela zokukhwela kunye nokukhuhla
Xa umsebenzi wokusebenza ungavumelekanga ukuba uhlanjululwe ngesanti ngenxa yeemfuno ezikhethekileyo zokuchaneka okanye ukugqiba umphezulu, kuphela iindlela ze-etching kunye ne-scrubbing zingasetyenziselwa ukuhlambulula umphezulu.
inyathelo:
①Ukukhuhla ipetroli (120#). Xa izixhobo zokusebenza ezinamafutha okanye ipetroli emdaka zisetyenziswa, zihlambe kwakhona nge-120# yepetroli ecocekileyo.
② Vuthela ngomoya oxinanisiweyo.
③Ukhukuliseko. w (i-hydrochloric acid) = 15%, w (i-hydrofluoric acid) = i-5%, ukushisa kwegumbi, de kube i-rust isuswe. Ukuba kukho umhlwa omninzi kakhulu kwaye isikali seoksidi singqindilili kakhulu, kufuneka icholwe ngoomatshini kuqala. Ixesha le-etching akufanele libe lide kakhulu, kungenjalo kuya kubangela lula i-hydrogenation ye-substrate kwaye iveze i-carbon eninzi yasimahla kumphezulu, okukhokelela ekungaphumelelini okukodwa okanye okupheleleyo kokugqoka i-coating.
④ Ukuxukuxa ngodaka lwekalika kunokuveza ngokupheleleyo iletisi yekristale kumphezulu wesixhobo sokusebenza kwaye ufumane isambatho esinamandla okudibanisa okulungileyo.
⑤ Hlanza kwaye wosule. Susa ikalika enamathela kumphezulu.
⑥ Ufakelo kunye nokuxhoma. Amalungu esinyithi esinyithi anokungahambi kakuhle kombane, ngoko ke kufuneka abe noqhagamshelwano oluqinileyo xa lufakwe kwaye luxhonywe. Kufuneka kubekho iindawo ezininzi zoqhagamshelwano kangangoko. Umgama phakathi kwee-workpieces kufuneka ube mkhulu kancinane amaxesha angama-0.3 kuneenxalenye ze-electroplated ezenziwe ngezinye izinto.
⑦ Ukuvuselela. Injongo yokusebenza kukususa ifilimu ye-oxide eyenziwe ngexesha lokukhuhla, ukukhwela kunye nezinye iinkqubo. Ifomula kunye neemeko zenkqubo: w (i-asidi ye-sulfuric) = 5% ~ 10%, w (i-hydrofluoric acid) = 5% ~ 7%, ukushisa kwegumbi, 5 ~ 10s.
⑧Sula ngamanzi abalekayo.
⑨I-Electro-zinc plating okanye ichromium eqinileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-26-2024
